The RIPE Labs Podcast

In this episode of the RIPE Labs podcast, three Internet pioneers talk about how they helped grow the Internet out of its early infancy, back when its purpose - and much of the excitement around its development - lay in the promise of connecting researchers from around the world.___Show notes:00:03:22 - Daniel Karrenberg about the EUnet, the first pan-European Internet Service Provider (ISP)00:11:18 - Dennis Jennings about his first encounter with networking and the birth EARN00:17:40 - Daniele Bovio on the first international routing tables received via EARN and BITNET00:22:48 - Daniel Karrenberg on Email gateways, email being the one application that worked across all networks00:27:06 - The first transatlantic interconnection Daniel operated00:29:18 - Dennis shares how he built NSFNET00:32:05 - Dennis on why he decided to use TCP/IP protocol on NSFNET00:35:39 - Daniel about the birth of RIPE and the need to coordinate IP addresses00:41:02 - Dennis on designing the national general-purpose network of networks beyond supercomputers and its business model00:48:29 - Daniele on EBONE, a pan-European Internet backbone00:56:48 - Daniele on his work at America Online (AOL) and leasing transatlantic capacity01:12:09 - EARN Panel at SEE 1201:12:26 - the RIPE Community today01:14:00 - Dennis Jennings shares top 3 important moments in the Internet history that he has personally overseen01:21:00 - Daniele Bovio shares top 3 important moments in the Internet history that he has personally overseen Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Internet users, the companies who sell us our devices, and governments are all caught up in the struggle to protect our privacy. In this episode, Bert Hubert explains how outsourcing and other market forces determine the flow of control over online data and why we need to understand the consequences.Show notes:01:00 - PowerDNS01:04 - I highly recommend Bert’s excellent blog berthub.eu!!02:42 - Bert on joining TIB (oversight board for the Dutch intelligence and security services)02:58 - Bert on leaving TIB03:30 - Reverse Engineering the source code of the BioNTech/Pfizer SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine03:40 - George Orwell’s Why I Write05:31 - RIPE NCC’s response to the NIS2 directive10:00 - Bert talking about End to End Encryption for the European Internet Forum at the European Parliament14:27 - Trinity college research on scale of data sharing from Android devices32:31 - More on the Cyber Resilience Act (CRA) on RIPE Labs here and here34:00 - Incidentally, Bert was co-author of RFC 545234:50 - Bert and Corrine Cath on SIDN’s decision to outsource some of its services to AWS (in Dutch)41:10 - Read about recent developments with the US Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act48:00 - Bert on climate change (again, highly recommended!)54:30 - Business for geeks at NLNOG Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Starlink's megaconstellations deliver broadband Internet to customers around the globe. But while the tech promises to democratise Internet access, it's not always clear how existing protocols and regulations apply beyond the clouds. In this episode, Geoff Huston talks about the future of low-orbit Internet.Show notes:02:20 - APNIC Labs Starlink measurements and Geoff’s podcast on LEOs and TCP08:50 - Geostationary orbit09:48 - Project Iridium14:40 - Starlink29:50 - See more from Geoff on measuring Starlink performance from his talk at RIPE 8735:45 - Research on Starlink using RIPE Atlas44:30 - Atmospheric nuclear testing in the 60s45:00 - NORAD Database of satellites Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

The Internet is hardly foolproof in its design, and whether by accident or on purpose, the people who use and operate it sometimes don't do things they should or do do things they shouldn't. Qasim Lone talks about strange goings on he's investigated and how RIPE Atlas can help researchers in the field.01:00 - RIPE Atlas01:53 - SLAC02:59 - Read Qasim on Why SAV is Still a Problem04:37 - Other research from Qasim and colleagues on SAV06:02 - RFCs 2827 and 3704 describe SAV implementation06:35 - IPv4 lease time article07:48 - The DNS Root Manipulation article09:10 - Manu Bretelle's email to DNS-operations mailing list18:17 - Qasim on 240/423:15 - RFC 3330 describes specialised IPv4 address blocks assigned by IANA29:00 - Listen to our episode on bias in Internet measurements36:30 - SEE 12 takes place in Athens this April37:45 - ...and CAPIF 3 is coming up this September! Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Quantum technologies promise all kinds of fascinating possibilities, but they also come with risks. In this episode of the RIPE Labs podcast, André Grilo, founder and CEO of QuantumNova, talks about why we need to start investing in post-quantum cryptography to protect ourselves against post-quantum threats.01:17 - QuantumNova05:08 - Shor’s algorithm11:07 - Post-quantum cryptography14:02 - NIST selected 4 post-quantum security algorithms16:00 - EU’s programme to support companies to transition to post-quantum23:26 - Quantum repeaters to overcome overcome entanglement distribution over long distances25:10 - Quantum Internet Hackathon29:28 - AI and Quantum Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Understanding outages and shutdowns and how the Internet as a whole came to be vulnerable to, and also resilient against, these kinds of events requires more than a snapshot of the current state affairs. In this episode, Jim Cowie talks about how historical measurement data can help us acquire a better understanding of the Internet.01:40 - There's a nice, short introduction to Jim and his background right here.03:11 - RIPE RIS04:50 - Jim on the 2011 outage in Egypt07:05 - Jim has since confirmed that the Renesys team was indeed using RIS BGP data since September 2001, though Routeviews remains another invaluable source of BGP data.12:35 - Jim's presentation at CAPIF113:42 - Resilience of the Internet in Ukraine on RIPE Labs15:30 - Jim on the Rogers Outage over on the Pulse blog21:43 - Doug Madory on Cuba and the Geopolitics of Submarine Cables31:30 - GEODE on the RIPE Labs podcast33:30 - RIPE Atlas Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Anastasiya Pak talks to Professor Wim Vanderbauwhede - lead of the Low Carbon and Sustainable Computing activity at the School of Computing Science of the University of Glasgow - about the carbon footprint of the ICT industry, misleading narratives around digitalisation, and why the notion of frugal computing is needed to move forward. 05:49 – The split of ICT emissions - 54% home, 19% data centres, 27% networks - is taken from the "Carbon impact of video streaming" white paper by the Carbon Trust, 2021.  07:13 – Problems with the claims about emission avoidance through digitalisation are discussed in "Digital Rebound – Why Digitalization Will Not Redeem Us Our Environmental Sins", Vlad C. Coroamă and Friedemann Mattern, 2019. 26:00 - The limited potential for offsetting of emission through biomass is discussed in "There aren’t enough trees in the world to offset society’s carbon emissions – and there never will be", Bonnie Waring, 2023. 34:37 – Wim discusses the notion of Frugal Computing in more detail in in his position paper "Frugal computing – On the need for low-carbon and sustainable computing and the path towards zero-carbon computing". A more academic version is available here.  37:09 - The potential for efficiency gains through better software is discussed in "There’s plenty of room at the Top: What will drive computer performance after Moore’s law?", Charles E. Leiserson et al. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Mapping the dialectical relationship between the Internet and rivalries of power and influence across territories calls on expertise from a variety of disciplines. On the RIPE Labs Podcast, Louis Pétiniaud discusses how he and colleagues at GEODE are investigating the geopolitical Internet.01:14 - The GEODE website where you can also find a list of researchers at the GEODE center     01:24 – Here's the most recent article from the GEODE team on RIPE Labs (runner up in the RIPE Labs article competition for RIPE 86) 01:29 – Louis’ presentation at RIPE 86 (video; slides) 01:48 – RIPE Atlas and RIPE RIS 07:23 – Article by Louis and colleagues on mapping the routes of the Internet in Eastern Ukraine 09:53 – Article Louis co-authored on digital routes and borders in the Middle East 14:12 – You can see the visualisations referred to in Louis’s slides from RIPE 86 18:08 – ITU infrastructure connectivity map 21: 54 – Emile Aben, Romain Fontugne, Ksenia Ermoshina on the Internet in Crimea Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

What it means to serve as a RIPE NCC Executive Board member has changed dramatically in the twelve years since Christian Kaufmann first took on the role. Gone are the days of quick board meetings over an afternoon cup of coffee. Now – with recent years having seen organisational change, the pandemic, sanctions regulations, and war - the board is increasingly called upon to make decisions that impact not only the future of the RIPE NCC, but people's access to the Internet in countries across the organisation's service region.In this episode, Anastasiya Pak talks to Christian Kaufmann - who stepped down from the board at RIPE 86 - to find out how he first got involved, what changes he's seen since then, and what it takes to serve on the board today. 01:15 – Watch Christian’s presentation at RIPE 86 where he talks about his time on the board and his decision to step down 05:47 – RIPE NCC Strategy 2022-2026 and RIPE NCC Activity Plan and Budget 202206:40 – Axel Pawlik stepped down as RIPE NCC Managing Director in 201907:32 – Read more about how sanctions affect the RIPE NCC along with lots of other articles about sanctions on RIPE Labs08:40 – The RIPE NCC Executive Board approved a resolution on provision of critical services at its meeting on 28 February 202211:08 – Hans Petter Holen took on the role of Managing Director of the RIPE NCC on 1 May 202011:43 – Ondřej Filip became the new RIPE NCC Executive Board Chair in September 202212:36 – RIPE NCC membership mailing lists13:10 – At the time of publishing, you can still take the RIPE NCC survey 202314:35 – RIPE NCC Executive Board functions and expectations18:54 – RIPE Atlas20:45 – Sponsor RIPE Atlas22:08 – Christian joined the ICANN Board of Directors in 2022 Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In this episode of the RIPE Labs podcast, we talk about how the war has changed the way the Internet community in Ukraine works, the pressure companies and individuals are under to keep this absolutely vital resource running, and the practices that have been adopted to make sure people stay connected.16:32 - Voluntary transfer lock policy proposal20:40 - BCOP TF session at RIPE 86 Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

BGP is the Internet's de facto routing protocol - but it's also one with many vulnerabilities and is only deeply understood by a relatively small fraction of people. Delving into the threats posed by misconfigurations and prefix hijacks, Lefteris Manassakis looks at the history and evolution of BGP and discusses the importance of mitigation, monitoring and detection as provided by ARTEMIS and CodeBGP.00:51 - ARTEMIS is a system that enables network operators to monitor, detect and mitigate the effects of BGP prefix hijacking events. Read up on ARTEMIS on RIPE Labs or read other blog posts and academic papers on the ARTEMIS website.01:00 - Code BGP01:07 - Lefteris presenting on CodeBGP at RIPE 8504:10 - An example of other research from Lefteris and Fontas.04:42 - BGP version 1 in RFC 110504:50 - BGP version 4 in RFC 427107:21 - A profile on Christos Papadimitriou08:18 - OSPF16:22 - The ARTEMIS paper17:11 - Stable Internet Routing Without Global Coordination by Lixin Gao and Jennifer Rexford19:22 - RFC 790821:40 - Rogers outage26:38 - Sharon Goldberg and others on the use of maxlength in RPKI.27:57 - RFC 931934:00 - RIPE NCC Community Projects Fund35:00 - The Code BGP team41:10 - RIS Live48:33 - MANRS and Code BGP Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Economic sanctions have a very clear but complicated impact on people's access to the global Internet. In this episode, I talk to Dr Farzaneh Badiei from Digital Medusa about how sanctions obstruct access to the Internet.01:25 - Read this article from Chris Buckridge announcing the independent research project on sanctions to be carried out by Digital Medusa.01:50 - Full recording of the session at RIPE 85.02:30 - Go check out Digital Medusa.02:50 - More from Farzaneh on sanctions and related issues on RIPE Labs.03:20 - Article on the .ir ccTLD case from 2014.07:25 - You can read more about how sanctions affect the RIPE NCC in this article from Athina Fragkouli.15:56 - Freedom Online Coalition17:52 - RIPE Cooperation Working Group18:14 - The IGF workshop on sanctions that Farzaneh refers to took place at IGF 2022 in Ethiopia on 30 November.18:42 - See this article for the sanctions timeline.18:57 - See the earlier RIPE Labs podcast episode with Kieren McCarthy on Revitalising Internet Governance.20:25 - Again, see this article from Athina Fragkouli for more on the Dutch MFA's confirmation that IP resources are understood to be economic resources as defined in EU sanctions regulations. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Geolocation providers usually focus on locating end user devices at the edge of the Internet. But what about the machines that make up the infrastructure in the middle? In this episode, I talk to Chris Amin about RIPE IPmap - an API developed by the RIPE NCC to do geolocate core Internet infrastructure.The idea behind RIPE IPmap actually goes way back. Emile Aben first presented on it at RIPE 67 in 2013 and there’s an article on RIPE Labs from around the same time. You can see its development over time in this article from Jasper den Hertog and this article from Massimo Candela written during their time at the RIPE NCC.Go check out RIPE IPmap!01:08 - RIPE Atlas09:20 - For those wondering, why two thirds the speed of light?11:25 - More on PTR records13:49 - Article on Hoiho authored by Matthew Luckie and colleagues15:57 - PeeringDB18:40 - RIPE Atlas probe map25:45 - RIPE IPmap landing page and the API28:04 - GeoNames and Natural Earth34:10 - RIPE IPmap Active Geolocation: Mechanism and Performance Evaluation Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Although the state of the Internet in Central Asia is in some ways diverse across the region, certain shared geographical, political, and technical factors create unique challenges for local Internet communities. Ahead of the first Central Asia Peering and Interconnection Forum (CAPIF 1), we caught up with Shavkat Sabirov to talk about digitalisation in the region and the need to form a Central Asian Internet community.Shavkat Sabirov is President of the non-profit Association of legal entities The Internet Association of Kazakhstan. He has broad knowledge and experience in Internet Governance and Cybersecurity, the ICT field and Internet business. Shavkat is a member of NCUC ICANN, a consultant at the OSCE and the NGO branch of the UN ECOSOC, and a host of such events as the previous Regional Meeting of the RIPE NCC in Almaty. He is also a member of the Public Council of the Ministry of Information and Social Development of the Republic of Kazakhstan, a member of the ICT Committee of the National Chamber of Entrepreneurs of the Republic of Kazakhstan "Atameken", where he acts as an expert in the security studies, digital technologies and cyberspace.====01:46 – About Central Asia05:07 – Central Asia Country Report and digitalisation in Central Asia09:42 – Digital gap during the COVID-19 outbreak12:01 – The role of the government in accelerating digitalisation13:21 – Presentation by Halil Ibrahim on how to cover remote villages with the Internet15:37 –The Interconnected Region panel and national telecom operators26:14 – CAPIF 128:57 – Deployment of IPv6 in Central Asia33:05 – UNESCO’s Internet ROAM-X Indicators ProjectInterested in the Central Asian Internet community? Read this article about the RIPE NCC Days Tashkent and register for CAPIF 1. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

At start of the 90s, a small group of people came together to make sure that the numbering system that allows computers to connect with each other over the Internet would remain stable. One those people was Mirjam Kühne, now RIPE Chair. In this episode, Mirjam talks about the beginnings of the RIPE community and new challenges it faces today.1:06 – More about RIPE4:18 – Meet the New RIPE Chair5:16 – Daniel Karrenberg on the first hours of the RIPE NCC8:00 – A Tribute to Rob Blokzijl9:35 – RIPE Working Groups11:10 – ripe-00113:07 – Chris Buckridge on RIPE principles17:43 – RIPE NCC service region18:13 – NIS 219:46 – RIPE Atlas22:40 – Meetecho at RIPE Meetings26:15 – ENOG27:38 – CAPIF 128:30 – Network Operator Groups (NOGs) on RIPE Labs32:28 – RIPE Cooperation Working Group33:15 – Kieran McCarthy on the RIPE Labs podcast35:51 – Measuring Damage on the Internet and Keep Ukraine Connected39:00 – Franziska Lichtblau, RIPE PC Chair39:37 – RIPE 85 Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Are the organisations that form the Internet governance ecosystem failing to rise to new challenges the modern Internet has created? And if so, what steps need to be taken in order to revitalise Internet governance? Joining me to discuss these issues in depth are Kieren McCarthy (journalist and Internet governance expert) and Chris Buckridge (Advisor to the RIPE NCC Managing Director on issues of Global Strategic Engagement and member of the IGF's multistakeholder advisory group).00:37 - Revitalising Global Internet Governance, by Kieren McCarthy06:09 - Sessions and policy outcomes from ICANN 7408:36 - More on the Internet Governance Forum (IGF); also check out this article from Chris on this year’s IGF event13:35 - World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS)15:34 - International Telecommunication Union (ITU)16:05 - International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)18:07 - A useful Q&A on New IP from ISOC20:16 - RIPE Cooperation Working Group21:01 - RIPE Accountability Task Force21:05 - The IANA Stewardship Transition21:23 - Chris on RIPE Principles21:30 - Properties of Today's and Tomorrow's Internet at RIPE 84 (video)24:27 - More on NIS 2 on RIPE Labs and a more recent update in the RIPE Cooperation WG archives39:18 - RIPE IoT Working Group Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

The analysis Pavlos and his colleagues are carrying out is part of the AI4NetMon project that aims to deliver methods for reducing biased findings from Internet measurement infrastructures. The platforms under investigation include RIPE NCC operated services RIPE RIS, RIPE Atlas, RIPEstat and also RouteViews.01:20 - Pavlos's winning article on Bias in Internet Measurement Infrastructures01:37 - About the Data and Science Laboratory (DataLab) 02:53 - More on the RIPE Routing Information Service (RIS)04:10 - Robert talking about RIPE Atlas in Episode 319:46 - Watch Pavlos's presentation at RIPE 8420:20 - Other data sources Pavlos and his colleagues are using: CAIDA’s AS-rank, PeeringDB, Internet Health Report (AS-hegemony), and bgp.tools. 22:15 - Read more about RACI support for AI4NetMon Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Measuring the gender data gap isn't always easy, but getting a clearer picture of where we're at is important. At RIPE 84, Anastasiya Pak caught up with Shane Kerr to talk more about measuring the gender gap at RIPE Meetings. In this episode, they discuss the goals and challenges around attempts to understand the RIPE gender data gap. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Twelve years ago the RIPE NCC set out to build the largest Internet measurement network ever made. Today, RIPE Atlas gives users an unprecedented understanding of the state of the Internet. I caught up with Robert Kisteleki (R&D Manager, RIPE NCC) to talk about how RIPE Atlas has developed thanks to the efforts of the community. (Watch the video on Youtube.)RIPE Atlas website RIPE Atlas on RIPE Labs02:53 - RIPE Atlas probe map03:10 - HTTP, DNS, NTP measurements03:57 - RIPE Atlas architecture06:54 - RIPE Atlas data: API, Google BigQuery, daily archives08:48 - RIPE Atlas software probes14:50 - APNIC dataset on network providers15:20 - Bias in Internet Measurement Infrastructure19:05 - RIPE Atlas community21:36 - RIPE Atlas sponsorship23:09 - RIPE Atlas Anchors25:20 - Data disconnects26:20 - Outage reporting26:40 - Looking inside outages with RIPE Atlas28:34 - RIPE NCC Country Reports28:55 - RIPE IPmap30:19 - Dataplane articleMusic: bensound.com Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

The Global NOG Alliance is actively working to help keep the Ukrainian Internet connected. On 13 April, they delivered their first shipment of vital hardware into the country. I caught up with the team to talk about how the first delivery went, how this got started, and what's coming next.You can watch the full video of this episode over on RIPE Labs. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.